Number dental anomalies: Supernumerary in triplets. Literature review and case report
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Supernumerary teeth are considered as one of the dental anomalies where there is a development and/or training of a larger number of teeth. These may be isolated or associated with a syndrome, which can cause complications in the eruption, occlusion and a esthetics. Although the etiology of supernumerary is unknown, some authors make mention of theories as the dichotomy of tooth germ, hyperactivity of the dental lamina and genetic alterations, with matching patterns partnerships with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance linked to X chromosome. Given the genetic importance in the development of supernumerary it is conceivable that in the case of sharing the same information, if a disturbance occurs in the dental formula, this should be repeated in his brothers. According to this view with a geneticist perspective this paper presents the situation of three triplets tricigoticos presenting alteration in a dental formula in terms interchangeably affected dentition (decidua and/or permanent) position on the bow (right or left) and impacted tooth.
Key words: Dental anomalies, supernumerary, triplets.
Olaya-Castillo, A., & Hernández-Silva, J. (2015). Number dental anomalies: Supernumerary in triplets. Literature review and case report. Revista Estomatología, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.25100/re.v23i2.5785
1. Iglesias P, Manzanares M, Valdivia I, Zambrano R. Anomalías dentarias: prevalencia en relación con patologías sistémicas en una población infantil de Mérida, Venezuela. Rev Odontol Andes 2007; 2:37-50.
2. Cruz E. Clasificación de dientes supernumerarios: revisión de literatura. Rev Estomatol 2014; 1: 38-42.
3. Hurtado AM, Valencia AM, Hernández JA. Agenesia de primeros y segundos molares permanentes: revisión de literatura y reporte de casos. Rev Estomatol 2013; 21: 39-45.
4. Lagos D, Martínez A, Palacios J, Hernández H, Jaramillo A. Prevalencia de anomalías dentarias de número en pacientes infantiles y adolescentes de las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad
del Valle desde el 2005 hasta el 2012. Rev Nac Odontol 2015; 11(20):31-9.
5. Hovorakova M, Lesot H, Peterkova R, Perterka M. Origin of the deciduous upperlateral incisor and its clinical aspects. J Dent Res 2006; 1:167-71.
6. Hernández J, Soto L, Aparición tardía de premolares supernumerarios. Revisiónde literatura y presentación de casos, Rev Estomatol. 2004; 2:28-33.
7. Scheiner MA, Sampson WJ . Supernumerary teeth: a review of the literature and four case reports. Aust Dent J 1997; 42:160-5.
8. Luten JR. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions. J Dent Child. 1967;34:346-53.
9. Pérez A. Frecuencia de dientes supernumerarios. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2004; 9:403-9.
10. Ga rvey M, Ba r ry H, Bl ake M. Supernumerary teeth-an overview of classification, diagnosis and management. J Can Dent Assoc 1999; 1:612-6.
11. Mogollón L. Prevalencia de agenesiadentaria y dientes supernumerarios en pacientes con fisura labio alveolo palatina atendidos en el Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño entre los años 2005-2008, [tesis]. Lima Peru: Cybert; 2008.
12. Pérez D. Sindrome de Down. Rev Act Clin Med. 2014; 1:45-9
13. Hoffmeister H. Microsymptoms as an indication for familial hypodontia, hyperdontia and tooth displacement. J Orth 1997; 2:551-61.
14. Stafne F.Supernumerary teeth. Dent Cosmos 1983; 2:653-9.
15. Gadbois R. The mesiodens in theAlaskan Eskimo. J Dent Child 1969; 3:187-8.
16. SedanoH,GorlinR.Familialoccurrence of mesiodens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 3:360-2.
17. Saarenma L. The origin of supernumerary teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 1951; 7:293-303.
18. Zhu J, Marcushamer M, King D, Henry R. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: a literatura review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996; 20:87-95
19. Gibson N. A late developing mandibular premolar supernumerary tooth. Aust Dent J 2000; 45:277-8.
20. Proff P, Fanghänel J, Allegrini S, Bayerlein T, Gedrange T. Problems of supernumerary teeth, hyperdontia or dentes supernumerary. Ann Anat 2006;188:163-9.
21. Shafer WG. Levy BM. Tratado de patología bucal. Editorial Interamericana S.A. Segunda edición. México; 1998.
22. Soto L, Calero J. Anomalías dentales en pacientes que asisten a la consultaparticular e institucional de la ciudad de Cali 2009-2010. Rev Estomat 2010; 18:17-23.
23. Mason C, Rule C. Midline supernumeraries: a family affair. Dent Update 1995; 22:34- 5.
24. Stellzig A, Basdra E, Komposch G. Mesiodentes: incidence, morphology, etiology. J Orofac Orthop 1997; 58:144-53.
25. Markovic M. At the crossroads of oralfacial genetics. Europ J Orthodont 1992; 3:469-81.
26. Markovic M, Trisovic D. Monozygotictriplets with discordance for some traits. Europ J Orthodont 1979;1:189-92.
27. Möller P, Berg K, Ruud A, Kvein T.Variable expression of familial hypodontiain monozygotic triplets. Scand J Dent Res1981; 6:16-8.
28. Adeboye S,Hobson M. Severe hypodontiain a set of triplets. J Dent British 2006; 2:93-6.
29. Martinez J, Ortiz G. Prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios. Revist CES Odont 2003; 1:80-4.
30. Umweni A, Osunbor G. Non syndrome multiple supernumerary teeth in Nigerians. Odontostomatol Trop 2002; 25:43-8.
31. Desai R, Shah N. Multiple supernumerary teeth in two brothers: a case report. J Oral Pathol Med. 1998; 27:411-3.
32. Mercuri L, O’Neill R. Multiple impacted and supernumerary teeth in sisters. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980; 50: 293-5.
33. Sharma U, Gulati A, Gill N. Concrescent triplets involving primary anterior teeth. Cont Clinic Dent 2013; 4:94-6.
34. Tortora C, Meazzini M, Garattini G, Brusati R. Prevalence of abnormalities in dental structure, position, and eruption pattern in a population of unilateral and bilateral clef tlip and palate patients. J Cleft Palat Craneof 2008; 48:154-62.
35. Song S, Zhao R, He H, Zhang J, FengH, Lin L, WNT10A variants are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in the general population. Hum Genet 2014; 133: 117-24.
36. Wong S, Liu H, Han D, Chang H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Feng H. A novel non-stop mutation in MSX1 causing autosomal dominant non-syndromic oligodontia, Mutagenesis. J Orth 2014; 29: 319-23.
37. Kraus B, Wise W, Frei R. Heredity and the craniofacial Complex. Am J Ort 1959; 2: 172-217.
38. Liu H, Zhang J, Wong S, Han D, Zhao H, Feng H. Association between of DKK1 and non-syndromic tooth agenesis in the Chinese Han population. Rev Genet Mol 2014; 13:7133-9.
39. Lee K, KoJ, Shin T, Hyun H, Lee S, Kim J. Oligodontia and curly hair occur with ectodysplas in a mutations. Dent Res 2014; 93:371-5.
40. Luten J. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions. J Dent Child 1967; 34:346-53.
41. León M. Dientes supernumerarios: Revisión de la literatura. Rev Estomato. 2007; 15:28-32.
42. Khalaf K, Robinson D, Elcock C, Smith RN, Brook A. Tooth size in patients with supernumerary teeth and a control group measured by image analysis system. Arch Oral 2005; 50:243-8.
43. Suda N, Hattori M, Kosaki K, Banshodani A, Kozai K, Tanimoto K, Moriyama K. Correlation between genotype and supernumerary tooth formation in cleidocranial dysplasia. Orthod Craniofac Res 2010; 13:197-202.
44. Takashi N, Satoshi F.Genetics of supernumerary tooth formation. J of Oral Biosc 2013; 55:180-3.
45. Brook A. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic andenvironmental factors in the a etiology of anomalies of dental development. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:3-17.
46. Kapadia H, Mues G, D’Souza R. Genes affecting tooth morphogenesis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2007; 10:3744.
47. Ogawa T, Kapadia H, Feng J, Raghow R, Peters H, D’Souza R. Functional consequences of interactions between Pax9 and Msx1 genes in normal and abnormal tooth development. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:3-9.
48. OgawaT, Kapadia H, Wang B, D’Souza R. Studies on Pax9–Msx1 protein interactions. Arch Oral Biol 2004;50: 1–5.
49. Jumlongras D, Bei M, Stimson J, Wang W, Depalma S, Seidman C, et al. A nonsense mutation in MSX1 causes Witkop Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69: 67-74.
50. Line S. Variation of tooth number in mammalian dentition: connecting genetics, development, and evolution. Evol Dev 2003; 5: 295-304.
51. Vieira A, Meira R, Modesto A, Murray J. MSX1 PAX9, and TGFA contribute to toothagenesis in humans. J Dent Res 2004; 83:3-7.
52. Briceno C, Briceno L, Embarazo gemelar en el Hospital Chiquinquirá de Maracaibo. 1991-2000. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez 2004; 64:3-14.
53. Wolf L. Ovulation induction. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2000; 43:902-15.
54. Maciá J, Mallafré J, Zantop B. Protocolos de Obstetricia y Medicina perinatal del Instituto Universitario (4ta edición). España: Elsevier; 2006.
55. Mascarenhas M, Kamath M, Muthukumar K, Mangalaraj A, Chandy A, Aleyamma T. Obstetricoutcomes of monochorionic pregnancies conceived following assisted reproductive technology: A retrospective
study. J Human Reproduct Scienc 2014; 7:119-24.
56. Hattab F, Yassin O, Rawashedeh M. Supernumerary teeth: Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Dent Child. 1994; 61:382-93.
57. Zhu J, Marcushamer M, King D, Henry R. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: A literature review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996; 20:87-95.
58. Montenegro P, Valmaseda E, Berini L, Cosme G. Estudio retrospectivo de 145
dientes supernumerarios. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006; 11:39-44.
59. Łangowska H, Karmańska B. Similar locations of impacted and supernumerary teeth in monozygotic twins: A report of 2 cases. Am J Orthod Dento Facial Orthop 2001; 1:67-70.
2. Cruz E. Clasificación de dientes supernumerarios: revisión de literatura. Rev Estomatol 2014; 1: 38-42.
3. Hurtado AM, Valencia AM, Hernández JA. Agenesia de primeros y segundos molares permanentes: revisión de literatura y reporte de casos. Rev Estomatol 2013; 21: 39-45.
4. Lagos D, Martínez A, Palacios J, Hernández H, Jaramillo A. Prevalencia de anomalías dentarias de número en pacientes infantiles y adolescentes de las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad
del Valle desde el 2005 hasta el 2012. Rev Nac Odontol 2015; 11(20):31-9.
5. Hovorakova M, Lesot H, Peterkova R, Perterka M. Origin of the deciduous upperlateral incisor and its clinical aspects. J Dent Res 2006; 1:167-71.
6. Hernández J, Soto L, Aparición tardía de premolares supernumerarios. Revisiónde literatura y presentación de casos, Rev Estomatol. 2004; 2:28-33.
7. Scheiner MA, Sampson WJ . Supernumerary teeth: a review of the literature and four case reports. Aust Dent J 1997; 42:160-5.
8. Luten JR. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions. J Dent Child. 1967;34:346-53.
9. Pérez A. Frecuencia de dientes supernumerarios. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2004; 9:403-9.
10. Ga rvey M, Ba r ry H, Bl ake M. Supernumerary teeth-an overview of classification, diagnosis and management. J Can Dent Assoc 1999; 1:612-6.
11. Mogollón L. Prevalencia de agenesiadentaria y dientes supernumerarios en pacientes con fisura labio alveolo palatina atendidos en el Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño entre los años 2005-2008, [tesis]. Lima Peru: Cybert; 2008.
12. Pérez D. Sindrome de Down. Rev Act Clin Med. 2014; 1:45-9
13. Hoffmeister H. Microsymptoms as an indication for familial hypodontia, hyperdontia and tooth displacement. J Orth 1997; 2:551-61.
14. Stafne F.Supernumerary teeth. Dent Cosmos 1983; 2:653-9.
15. Gadbois R. The mesiodens in theAlaskan Eskimo. J Dent Child 1969; 3:187-8.
16. SedanoH,GorlinR.Familialoccurrence of mesiodens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 3:360-2.
17. Saarenma L. The origin of supernumerary teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 1951; 7:293-303.
18. Zhu J, Marcushamer M, King D, Henry R. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: a literatura review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996; 20:87-95
19. Gibson N. A late developing mandibular premolar supernumerary tooth. Aust Dent J 2000; 45:277-8.
20. Proff P, Fanghänel J, Allegrini S, Bayerlein T, Gedrange T. Problems of supernumerary teeth, hyperdontia or dentes supernumerary. Ann Anat 2006;188:163-9.
21. Shafer WG. Levy BM. Tratado de patología bucal. Editorial Interamericana S.A. Segunda edición. México; 1998.
22. Soto L, Calero J. Anomalías dentales en pacientes que asisten a la consultaparticular e institucional de la ciudad de Cali 2009-2010. Rev Estomat 2010; 18:17-23.
23. Mason C, Rule C. Midline supernumeraries: a family affair. Dent Update 1995; 22:34- 5.
24. Stellzig A, Basdra E, Komposch G. Mesiodentes: incidence, morphology, etiology. J Orofac Orthop 1997; 58:144-53.
25. Markovic M. At the crossroads of oralfacial genetics. Europ J Orthodont 1992; 3:469-81.
26. Markovic M, Trisovic D. Monozygotictriplets with discordance for some traits. Europ J Orthodont 1979;1:189-92.
27. Möller P, Berg K, Ruud A, Kvein T.Variable expression of familial hypodontiain monozygotic triplets. Scand J Dent Res1981; 6:16-8.
28. Adeboye S,Hobson M. Severe hypodontiain a set of triplets. J Dent British 2006; 2:93-6.
29. Martinez J, Ortiz G. Prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios. Revist CES Odont 2003; 1:80-4.
30. Umweni A, Osunbor G. Non syndrome multiple supernumerary teeth in Nigerians. Odontostomatol Trop 2002; 25:43-8.
31. Desai R, Shah N. Multiple supernumerary teeth in two brothers: a case report. J Oral Pathol Med. 1998; 27:411-3.
32. Mercuri L, O’Neill R. Multiple impacted and supernumerary teeth in sisters. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980; 50: 293-5.
33. Sharma U, Gulati A, Gill N. Concrescent triplets involving primary anterior teeth. Cont Clinic Dent 2013; 4:94-6.
34. Tortora C, Meazzini M, Garattini G, Brusati R. Prevalence of abnormalities in dental structure, position, and eruption pattern in a population of unilateral and bilateral clef tlip and palate patients. J Cleft Palat Craneof 2008; 48:154-62.
35. Song S, Zhao R, He H, Zhang J, FengH, Lin L, WNT10A variants are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in the general population. Hum Genet 2014; 133: 117-24.
36. Wong S, Liu H, Han D, Chang H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Feng H. A novel non-stop mutation in MSX1 causing autosomal dominant non-syndromic oligodontia, Mutagenesis. J Orth 2014; 29: 319-23.
37. Kraus B, Wise W, Frei R. Heredity and the craniofacial Complex. Am J Ort 1959; 2: 172-217.
38. Liu H, Zhang J, Wong S, Han D, Zhao H, Feng H. Association between of DKK1 and non-syndromic tooth agenesis in the Chinese Han population. Rev Genet Mol 2014; 13:7133-9.
39. Lee K, KoJ, Shin T, Hyun H, Lee S, Kim J. Oligodontia and curly hair occur with ectodysplas in a mutations. Dent Res 2014; 93:371-5.
40. Luten J. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions. J Dent Child 1967; 34:346-53.
41. León M. Dientes supernumerarios: Revisión de la literatura. Rev Estomato. 2007; 15:28-32.
42. Khalaf K, Robinson D, Elcock C, Smith RN, Brook A. Tooth size in patients with supernumerary teeth and a control group measured by image analysis system. Arch Oral 2005; 50:243-8.
43. Suda N, Hattori M, Kosaki K, Banshodani A, Kozai K, Tanimoto K, Moriyama K. Correlation between genotype and supernumerary tooth formation in cleidocranial dysplasia. Orthod Craniofac Res 2010; 13:197-202.
44. Takashi N, Satoshi F.Genetics of supernumerary tooth formation. J of Oral Biosc 2013; 55:180-3.
45. Brook A. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic andenvironmental factors in the a etiology of anomalies of dental development. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:3-17.
46. Kapadia H, Mues G, D’Souza R. Genes affecting tooth morphogenesis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2007; 10:3744.
47. Ogawa T, Kapadia H, Feng J, Raghow R, Peters H, D’Souza R. Functional consequences of interactions between Pax9 and Msx1 genes in normal and abnormal tooth development. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:3-9.
48. OgawaT, Kapadia H, Wang B, D’Souza R. Studies on Pax9–Msx1 protein interactions. Arch Oral Biol 2004;50: 1–5.
49. Jumlongras D, Bei M, Stimson J, Wang W, Depalma S, Seidman C, et al. A nonsense mutation in MSX1 causes Witkop Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69: 67-74.
50. Line S. Variation of tooth number in mammalian dentition: connecting genetics, development, and evolution. Evol Dev 2003; 5: 295-304.
51. Vieira A, Meira R, Modesto A, Murray J. MSX1 PAX9, and TGFA contribute to toothagenesis in humans. J Dent Res 2004; 83:3-7.
52. Briceno C, Briceno L, Embarazo gemelar en el Hospital Chiquinquirá de Maracaibo. 1991-2000. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez 2004; 64:3-14.
53. Wolf L. Ovulation induction. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2000; 43:902-15.
54. Maciá J, Mallafré J, Zantop B. Protocolos de Obstetricia y Medicina perinatal del Instituto Universitario (4ta edición). España: Elsevier; 2006.
55. Mascarenhas M, Kamath M, Muthukumar K, Mangalaraj A, Chandy A, Aleyamma T. Obstetricoutcomes of monochorionic pregnancies conceived following assisted reproductive technology: A retrospective
study. J Human Reproduct Scienc 2014; 7:119-24.
56. Hattab F, Yassin O, Rawashedeh M. Supernumerary teeth: Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Dent Child. 1994; 61:382-93.
57. Zhu J, Marcushamer M, King D, Henry R. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: A literature review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996; 20:87-95.
58. Montenegro P, Valmaseda E, Berini L, Cosme G. Estudio retrospectivo de 145
dientes supernumerarios. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006; 11:39-44.
59. Łangowska H, Karmańska B. Similar locations of impacted and supernumerary teeth in monozygotic twins: A report of 2 cases. Am J Orthod Dento Facial Orthop 2001; 1:67-70.
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