Methods for determining the biocompatibility of dental materials
dental materials biomaterial biocompatibility cytotoxicity assay artemia salina
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Background: The dental materials are subjected to various tests for consistency, bioactivity, and demonstrate that they can remain in the oral environment without producing an adverse response. Currently for this purpose worldwide are employed different techniques such as cell culture, techniques of molecular biology and the use of shrimp larvae (brineshrimplarvae) better known as Artemia salina.
Objective: Characterize five dental materials using a cytotoxicity test with larval shrimp Artemia salina. Materials and methods: A cytotoxicity study was performed on samples of Titanium Type IV, Silicone Heavy, Auto-cured acrylic resin and photo-curing and Eugenolatousing the method of Artemia salina.
Results: The cytotoxicity assay for Artemia Salina showed no viability foreugenolato because all the larvaes were eliminated, and other products showed biocompatibility in the following percentages. Titanium type IV 100%, the silicone 46%, acrylic 62% and resin 72%.
Conclusions: The method of brine shrimp is a simple and economical method for studies of cytotoxicity, requires greater infrastructure technology, and combined with other techniques of cell biology can become as specific method as desired. There is viability for the artemiasalina larvae with type IV titanium of 100% and with eugenolato of 0%.
Ríos, V., Romero, N., Valencia, C., & Balanta, J. (2014). Methods for determining the biocompatibility of dental materials. Revista Estomatología, 22(2), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.25100/re.v22i2.5776
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4. Rach J, Halter B, Aufderheide M. Importance of material evaluation prior to the construction of devices for in vitro techniques. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2013; 65(7-8): 973-8.
5. Geurtsen W. Biocompatibility of resin- modified filling materials. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000; 11(3):333 55.
6. Koulaouzidou E, Papazisis K, Economides N, Beltes P, Kortsaris A. Antiproliferative effect of mineral trioxide aggregate, zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and glass-ionomer cement against three fibroblastic cell lines. JOE 2005; 31(1):44-6.
7. Mohamad N, Shaari R, Alam M, Rahman S. Cytotoxicity of silverfil argentums and dispersalloy on osteoblast cell line. International Medical Journal 2013; 20(3): 332-4.
8. Yalcin M, Ulker M, Ulker E, Sengun A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of six different flowable composites with the methyl tetrazolium test method. Eur J Gen Dent 2013; 2:292-5.
9. Yih-Dean Jan, Bor-Shiunn Lee, Chun-Pin Lin, Wan-Yu Tseng . Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of two novel low-shrinkage dental resin matrices. JFMA 2012; 113(6): 349-55.
10. Yalçin M, Barutcigil Ç, Umar I, Bozkurt B, Hakki S. Cytotoxicity of hemostatic agents on the human gingival fibroblast. Eur Rev Med Pharmaco Sci 2013; 17 (7):984-8.
11. De Andrade A, Machad I, Zeppone E, Teresinha A, Pavarina C, Vergani. Cytotoxicity of monomers, plasticizer and degradation by-products released from dental hard chairside reline resins. Dent Mater 2010; 26(10):1017-23.
12. Aranha E, Giroa P, Souza J, Hebling C, de Souza C. Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass- ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line. Dent Mater 2006; 22(09):864-9.
13. Schweikla H et al . Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of dental composite materials. Biomaterials 2005; 26(14):1713-19.
14. Franz F, König T, Lucas, Watts DC, Schedle A. Cytotoxic effects of dental bonding substances as a function of degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2009; 25(2):232-9.
15. Porto D, Oliveira R, Raele K, Ribas M, Montes C, De Castro. Cytotoxicity of current adhesive systems: In vitro testing on cell cultures of primary murine macrophages. Dent Mater 2011; 27(3):2218.
16. Fernandes A, Marques M, Camargo S, Cardoso P, Camargo C, Valera M. Cytotoxicity of non-vital dental bleaching agents in human gingival fibroblasts. Braz Dent Sci 2013; 16(1):59-65.
17. Kangarloo A, Sattari M, Rabiee F, Dianat S. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of different root canal sealers and their effect on cytokine production. IranEndod J 2009; 4(1):31-4.
18. Soliman H, Anwar R. Effect of surgically implanted root-end filling materials on the structure of draining lymph nodes of male albino rats: histological and immunohistochemical study. E J Histology 2012; 35(4):736-48.
19. Bolla N, Nalli SM, Sujana, Kumar K, Ranganathan, Raj S. Cytotoxic evaluation of two chlorine releasing irrigating solutions on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J NTR Univ Health Sci 2013; 2:42-6.
20. Yoshino P, Nishiyama C, Modena K, Santos C, Sipert C. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of White MTA, MTA Fillapex® and Portland Cement on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Brazilian Dental Journal
2013; 24(2):111-6.
21. Pérez M, Querol E, Aranda R, Opsina G. Evaluación in vitro de la citotoxicidad de tres selladores endodóncicos sobre fibroblastos de ratón de la línea celular L929. Revista Odontológica Mexicana 2006; 10(2):63-8.
22. Wise J, Cabiling D, Yan D, Mirza N, Kirschner R. Submucosal injection of micronized acellular dermal matrix: analysis of biocompatibility and durability. PlasReconsSurg 2007; 120(5):1156-60.
23. Tetè S, Mastrangelo F, Quaresima R, et al . Influence of novel nano-titanium implant surface on human osteoblast behavior and growth. Implant Dent 2010; 19(6):520-31.
24. Odabaş M, Ertürk M, Çınar Ç, Tüzüner T, Tulunoğlu Ö. Cytotoxicity of a new hemostatic agent on human pulp fibroblasts in vitro. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16(4): 584-7.
25. Muglali M, Ylmaz N, Inal S, Guvenc T. Immunohistochemical comparison of indermil with traditional suture materials in dental surgery.Journal of CraniofacialSurgery 2011; 22(5):1875-9.
26. Kun H, Wei Z, Xuan L, Xiubin Y. Biocompatibility of a Novel Poly (butyl succinate) and Polylactic Acid Blend. ASAIO Journal 2012; 58(3):262-7.
27. Tavares D, Castro L, Soares G, Alves G, Granjeiro J. Syntesis and citotoxicity evaluation of granular magesium substituted ß-tricalcium phosphate. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21(1):37-42.
28. Barreno AC. Biocompatibility of n-butyl- cyanoacrylate compared to conventional skin sutures in skin wounds. Revista Odontológica Mexicana 2013; 17(2):81-9.
29. Angiero F, Farronato G, Dessy E, et al. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of orthodontic bonding adhesives upon human gingival papillae through immunohistochemical expression of p53, p63 and p16. IIAR 2009; 29(10):3983-7.
30. Sjögren G, Sletten G, Dahl J. Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals, and ceramics assessed by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests. J prosthet dent 2000 84(2):229-36.
31. Kehe FX, Reichl J, Durner U, Walther R, Hickel W, Forth. Cytotoxicity of dental composite components and mercury compounds in pulmonary cells. Biomaterials 2001; 22(4): 317-22.
32. Kônig FF, Skolka A, Sperr W, Bauer P,Lucas T, Watts D, Schedle A. Cytotoxicityof resin composites as a function of interface area. Dent Mater 2007 23(11):1438-46.
33. McGinley E, Moran G, Fleming G. Biocompatibility effects of indirect exposure of base-metal dental casting alloys to a humanderived threedimensional oral mucosal model. J dent 2013; 41(11):1091-100.
34. Uoa M, Sjoren G, Sundh A, Watari F, Bergman M, Lerner U. Cytotoxicity and bonding property of dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2003; 19(6):487-92.
35. Shehata M, Durner J, Eldenez A, et al. Cytotoxicity and induction of DNA double-strand breaks by components leached from dental composites in primary human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2013 29(9):971-9.
36. Pelka M, Danzl C, Distler W, Petschelt A. A new screening test for toxicity testing of dental materials. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28(5):341-5.
37. Manar M. Milhem, Ahmad S. ALHiyasa T, Homa D. Toxicity Testing Of Restorative Dental materials Using Brine Shrimp Larvae (Artemiasalina). J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 16(4):297-301.
39. Martínez-Hormaza Loanna, et al. Determinación de la citotoxicidad de extractos de ErythroxylumconfusumBritt. mediante el método de la Artemia salina. Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense 2006;
25(3): 429-31.
40. Martinez M, et al. Actividad antibacteriana y citotoxicidad in vivo de extractos etanólicos de bauhiniavariegata l. (fabaceae). Rev Cubana Plantmed 2011; 16(4):313-23.
41. Pino Perez, Oriel, Jorge Lazo, Fanny. Ensayo de Artemia: Util herramienta de trabajo para ecotoxicólogos y químicos de productos naturales. Rev. Protección Veg. 2010; 25(1):34-43.
42. Sorgeloos P, Remiche-Van Der Wielen Claire, Persoone G. The Use of Artemia Nauplii for Toxicity Tests- A Critical Analysis. Ecotoxand Environ safe 1978; 2 (3,4):249-55.
43. De Albuquerque Sarmento P, Da Rocha Ataíde T, De Souza A, et al. Evaluación del extracto de la Zeyheria tuberculosa en la perspectiva de un producto para cicatrización de heridas. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2014; 22(1):165-72.
44. Sánchez L, Neira A. Bioensayo general de letalidad en artemia salina , a las fracciones del extracto etanolico de Psidiumguajava L y Psidiumguineense Sw. Cultura Cientifica 2005.
45. Ribeiro DA, Duarte AHD, Matsumoto MA, Marques MEA, SalvadoriDMF. Biocompatibility in vitro tests of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements. Journal of Endodontics 2005; 31(8):605-7.
46. Moharamzadeh K., Ian M., Van Noort B. Van Noort R. Biocompatibility of Resinbased Dental Materials. Materials 2009; 2:514-548.
47. Martínez M, Ocampo D, Galvis J, Valencia A. Actividad antibacteriana y citotoxicidad in vivo de extractos etanólicos de Bauhiniavariegata L. (Fabaceae). Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales. 2011;
16(4)313-23.
48. González R. Eugenol: propiedades farmacológicas y toxicológicas. Ventajas y desventajas de su uso. Rev Cubana Estomatol 2002; 39(2):139-56.
49. Maldonado MA, Barrera RA, Guzmán RM, Pantoja V. Eugenol: material de uso dental con riesgo de toxicidad local y sistémica. Rev. Oral 2008; 9(28):446-449.
50. Ríos M, Cepero J, KraeL R, Davidenko N, González A. Estudio in vitro de la actividad citotóxica de resinas dentales tipo BIS-GMA. Biomecánica 2003; 11:3- 9.
51. Moharamzadeh K. Brook I. Van Noort R. Biocompatibility of Resin-based Dental Materials. Materials 2009; 2:514-48.
52. Kedjarune U. Charoenworaluk N. Koontongkaew S. Release of methyl methacrylate from heat-cured and autopolymerized resins: Cytotoxicity testing related to residual monomer. Australian Dental Journal 1999; 44(1):25- 30.
2. Declaración de Helsinki: principios éticos para la investigación médica sobre sujetos humanos. Acta Bioética 2000 [citado Septiembre 13 de 2013] año VI, nº 2. Disponible en: https://es.scribd.com/ doc/105551355/DECLARACION-DE- HELSINKI
3. CIOMS. Pautas éticas internacionales para la investigación biomédica en seres humanos. [citado Octubre 10 de 2013] Disponible en: http://www.cioms.ch/ publications/guidelines/pautas_eticas_ internacionalin.htm
4. Rach J, Halter B, Aufderheide M. Importance of material evaluation prior to the construction of devices for in vitro techniques. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2013; 65(7-8): 973-8.
5. Geurtsen W. Biocompatibility of resin- modified filling materials. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000; 11(3):333 55.
6. Koulaouzidou E, Papazisis K, Economides N, Beltes P, Kortsaris A. Antiproliferative effect of mineral trioxide aggregate, zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and glass-ionomer cement against three fibroblastic cell lines. JOE 2005; 31(1):44-6.
7. Mohamad N, Shaari R, Alam M, Rahman S. Cytotoxicity of silverfil argentums and dispersalloy on osteoblast cell line. International Medical Journal 2013; 20(3): 332-4.
8. Yalcin M, Ulker M, Ulker E, Sengun A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of six different flowable composites with the methyl tetrazolium test method. Eur J Gen Dent 2013; 2:292-5.
9. Yih-Dean Jan, Bor-Shiunn Lee, Chun-Pin Lin, Wan-Yu Tseng . Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of two novel low-shrinkage dental resin matrices. JFMA 2012; 113(6): 349-55.
10. Yalçin M, Barutcigil Ç, Umar I, Bozkurt B, Hakki S. Cytotoxicity of hemostatic agents on the human gingival fibroblast. Eur Rev Med Pharmaco Sci 2013; 17 (7):984-8.
11. De Andrade A, Machad I, Zeppone E, Teresinha A, Pavarina C, Vergani. Cytotoxicity of monomers, plasticizer and degradation by-products released from dental hard chairside reline resins. Dent Mater 2010; 26(10):1017-23.
12. Aranha E, Giroa P, Souza J, Hebling C, de Souza C. Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass- ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line. Dent Mater 2006; 22(09):864-9.
13. Schweikla H et al . Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of dental composite materials. Biomaterials 2005; 26(14):1713-19.
14. Franz F, König T, Lucas, Watts DC, Schedle A. Cytotoxic effects of dental bonding substances as a function of degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2009; 25(2):232-9.
15. Porto D, Oliveira R, Raele K, Ribas M, Montes C, De Castro. Cytotoxicity of current adhesive systems: In vitro testing on cell cultures of primary murine macrophages. Dent Mater 2011; 27(3):2218.
16. Fernandes A, Marques M, Camargo S, Cardoso P, Camargo C, Valera M. Cytotoxicity of non-vital dental bleaching agents in human gingival fibroblasts. Braz Dent Sci 2013; 16(1):59-65.
17. Kangarloo A, Sattari M, Rabiee F, Dianat S. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of different root canal sealers and their effect on cytokine production. IranEndod J 2009; 4(1):31-4.
18. Soliman H, Anwar R. Effect of surgically implanted root-end filling materials on the structure of draining lymph nodes of male albino rats: histological and immunohistochemical study. E J Histology 2012; 35(4):736-48.
19. Bolla N, Nalli SM, Sujana, Kumar K, Ranganathan, Raj S. Cytotoxic evaluation of two chlorine releasing irrigating solutions on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J NTR Univ Health Sci 2013; 2:42-6.
20. Yoshino P, Nishiyama C, Modena K, Santos C, Sipert C. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of White MTA, MTA Fillapex® and Portland Cement on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Brazilian Dental Journal
2013; 24(2):111-6.
21. Pérez M, Querol E, Aranda R, Opsina G. Evaluación in vitro de la citotoxicidad de tres selladores endodóncicos sobre fibroblastos de ratón de la línea celular L929. Revista Odontológica Mexicana 2006; 10(2):63-8.
22. Wise J, Cabiling D, Yan D, Mirza N, Kirschner R. Submucosal injection of micronized acellular dermal matrix: analysis of biocompatibility and durability. PlasReconsSurg 2007; 120(5):1156-60.
23. Tetè S, Mastrangelo F, Quaresima R, et al . Influence of novel nano-titanium implant surface on human osteoblast behavior and growth. Implant Dent 2010; 19(6):520-31.
24. Odabaş M, Ertürk M, Çınar Ç, Tüzüner T, Tulunoğlu Ö. Cytotoxicity of a new hemostatic agent on human pulp fibroblasts in vitro. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16(4): 584-7.
25. Muglali M, Ylmaz N, Inal S, Guvenc T. Immunohistochemical comparison of indermil with traditional suture materials in dental surgery.Journal of CraniofacialSurgery 2011; 22(5):1875-9.
26. Kun H, Wei Z, Xuan L, Xiubin Y. Biocompatibility of a Novel Poly (butyl succinate) and Polylactic Acid Blend. ASAIO Journal 2012; 58(3):262-7.
27. Tavares D, Castro L, Soares G, Alves G, Granjeiro J. Syntesis and citotoxicity evaluation of granular magesium substituted ß-tricalcium phosphate. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21(1):37-42.
28. Barreno AC. Biocompatibility of n-butyl- cyanoacrylate compared to conventional skin sutures in skin wounds. Revista Odontológica Mexicana 2013; 17(2):81-9.
29. Angiero F, Farronato G, Dessy E, et al. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of orthodontic bonding adhesives upon human gingival papillae through immunohistochemical expression of p53, p63 and p16. IIAR 2009; 29(10):3983-7.
30. Sjögren G, Sletten G, Dahl J. Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals, and ceramics assessed by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests. J prosthet dent 2000 84(2):229-36.
31. Kehe FX, Reichl J, Durner U, Walther R, Hickel W, Forth. Cytotoxicity of dental composite components and mercury compounds in pulmonary cells. Biomaterials 2001; 22(4): 317-22.
32. Kônig FF, Skolka A, Sperr W, Bauer P,Lucas T, Watts D, Schedle A. Cytotoxicityof resin composites as a function of interface area. Dent Mater 2007 23(11):1438-46.
33. McGinley E, Moran G, Fleming G. Biocompatibility effects of indirect exposure of base-metal dental casting alloys to a humanderived threedimensional oral mucosal model. J dent 2013; 41(11):1091-100.
34. Uoa M, Sjoren G, Sundh A, Watari F, Bergman M, Lerner U. Cytotoxicity and bonding property of dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2003; 19(6):487-92.
35. Shehata M, Durner J, Eldenez A, et al. Cytotoxicity and induction of DNA double-strand breaks by components leached from dental composites in primary human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2013 29(9):971-9.
36. Pelka M, Danzl C, Distler W, Petschelt A. A new screening test for toxicity testing of dental materials. Journal of Dentistry 2000; 28(5):341-5.
37. Manar M. Milhem, Ahmad S. ALHiyasa T, Homa D. Toxicity Testing Of Restorative Dental materials Using Brine Shrimp Larvae (Artemiasalina). J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 16(4):297-301.
39. Martínez-Hormaza Loanna, et al. Determinación de la citotoxicidad de extractos de ErythroxylumconfusumBritt. mediante el método de la Artemia salina. Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense 2006;
25(3): 429-31.
40. Martinez M, et al. Actividad antibacteriana y citotoxicidad in vivo de extractos etanólicos de bauhiniavariegata l. (fabaceae). Rev Cubana Plantmed 2011; 16(4):313-23.
41. Pino Perez, Oriel, Jorge Lazo, Fanny. Ensayo de Artemia: Util herramienta de trabajo para ecotoxicólogos y químicos de productos naturales. Rev. Protección Veg. 2010; 25(1):34-43.
42. Sorgeloos P, Remiche-Van Der Wielen Claire, Persoone G. The Use of Artemia Nauplii for Toxicity Tests- A Critical Analysis. Ecotoxand Environ safe 1978; 2 (3,4):249-55.
43. De Albuquerque Sarmento P, Da Rocha Ataíde T, De Souza A, et al. Evaluación del extracto de la Zeyheria tuberculosa en la perspectiva de un producto para cicatrización de heridas. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2014; 22(1):165-72.
44. Sánchez L, Neira A. Bioensayo general de letalidad en artemia salina , a las fracciones del extracto etanolico de Psidiumguajava L y Psidiumguineense Sw. Cultura Cientifica 2005.
45. Ribeiro DA, Duarte AHD, Matsumoto MA, Marques MEA, SalvadoriDMF. Biocompatibility in vitro tests of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements. Journal of Endodontics 2005; 31(8):605-7.
46. Moharamzadeh K., Ian M., Van Noort B. Van Noort R. Biocompatibility of Resinbased Dental Materials. Materials 2009; 2:514-548.
47. Martínez M, Ocampo D, Galvis J, Valencia A. Actividad antibacteriana y citotoxicidad in vivo de extractos etanólicos de Bauhiniavariegata L. (Fabaceae). Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales. 2011;
16(4)313-23.
48. González R. Eugenol: propiedades farmacológicas y toxicológicas. Ventajas y desventajas de su uso. Rev Cubana Estomatol 2002; 39(2):139-56.
49. Maldonado MA, Barrera RA, Guzmán RM, Pantoja V. Eugenol: material de uso dental con riesgo de toxicidad local y sistémica. Rev. Oral 2008; 9(28):446-449.
50. Ríos M, Cepero J, KraeL R, Davidenko N, González A. Estudio in vitro de la actividad citotóxica de resinas dentales tipo BIS-GMA. Biomecánica 2003; 11:3- 9.
51. Moharamzadeh K. Brook I. Van Noort R. Biocompatibility of Resin-based Dental Materials. Materials 2009; 2:514-48.
52. Kedjarune U. Charoenworaluk N. Koontongkaew S. Release of methyl methacrylate from heat-cured and autopolymerized resins: Cytotoxicity testing related to residual monomer. Australian Dental Journal 1999; 44(1):25- 30.
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