Revista Estomatología

Infección odontogénica complicada con sepsis: el reporte de un caso

Valentina Urbano — 2024-12-09

Descripción del caso: paciente de sexo femenino, de 43 años de edad, que ingresa al servicio de urgencias del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cali, el 09 de septiembre de 2023, con signos sugerentes de infección de origen odontogénico.

Hallazgos clínicos: edema moderado en tercio inferior facial izquierdo y zonas I, II, y III de hemicuello izquierdo, fistula extraoral, limitación de apertura, mucosa del diente 35 inflamada, con exudado sanguinopurulento y exposición de hueso alveolar asociada.

Tratamiento: drenaje intraoral, acompañado de terapia antibiótica y analgésica, con clindamicina y dexametasona intravenosa, respectivamente.

Resultado: resolución del proceso infeccioso odontogénico.

Relevancia clínica: la terapia antibiótica con clindamicina, o combinada amoxicilina/clavulanato es una alternativa de tratamiento útil en infecciones dentoalveolares.

Correction of canine class II and anterior crowding with asymmetric extractions: Case Report

Yuri Isaí Avilés Osuna — 2024-12-04

Background: Extractions are performed to improve dental alignment, facial esthetics and occlusal function. The teeth to be extracted are chosen according to the diagnosis of the case. Indications for extractions include dental crowding, malocclusions, and skeletal discrepancies. The most common extraction sequence is that of the first premolars. Extraction of the lower incisor may be considered in specific cases, but may affect esthetics and occlusal function. Asymmetric extractions can be effective.

Objective: To perform asymmetric extractions based on accurate planning and diagnosis to correct midlines, achieve class I canines, free crowding, improve upper and lower incisor proinclinations and achieve a harmonious patient profile.

Case report: 21-year-old male patient, skeletal class II, moderate upper and lower anterior crowding, right molar class II, left molar class I and bilateral canine II relationship. The decision was made to perform asymmetric extraction of the right upper first premolar and right lower central incisor.

Results: Crowding was corrected in both arches, the lower incisors were retroinclined, occlusal stability was obtained, functional class II molar on the right side, class I molar on the left and bilateral IC canine relation, overjet of 2 mm and overbite of 40%.

Conclusion: The choice of teeth to be extracted is based on a thorough analysis that considers the biomechanics of treatment, accurate diagnosis, as well as individual patient factors. The asymmetric extraction approach has proven to be effective and can result in faster and more stable treatment, provided that proper planning is performed.

The Role of Infrared Thermography in the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Narrative Review

Richard Fernando Mora Caicedo — 2024-12-02

Temporomandibular disorders are a group of musculoskeletal conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, in the temporomandibular joint and in associated anatomical regions, its global prevalence is approximately 5-12% of population, thus generating the most common type of non odontogenic orofacial pain, which in turn increases the costs of care in health systems and reduces the quality of life. These pathologies due to physiological processes of pain and abnormal function can generate changes in temperature, which is why an emerging technological tool called Infrared Thermography has been evaluated in its assessment, which allows measuring temperatures at a distance, which could help in a clinical diagnosis. Multiple clinical trials have made use of this technology based on the thermal heterogeneity of different tissues and their blood flow, which are directly proportional to metabolic activity, which is why it is necessary to review the literature, advances and results of these studies.

Objective: To provide a general description of the main findings and conclusions of the available clinical evidence on the effectiveness of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders.

Materials and Methods: The initial search included 62 articles, of which 11 were selected for this review, distributed in North America 38%, in Europe 14% and 48% in South America. An extensive electronic search was conducted in the databases: Pubmed, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Library.

Conclusion: Most of the studies evaluated have concluded thermography as a promising technology in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, the literature is highly variable in reliability criteria for the use of this instrument for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, which is is reflected in sensitivity and specificity values with widely marked differential ranges.

Systemic Factors in Dental Implant Therapy

Andres Felipe Aguirre Osorio — 2024-12-09

Objective: Dental implant therapy has emerged as a reliable and widely accepted solution for rehabilitating partially or fully edentulous patients. This review aims to explore the evolution of dental implant success metrics and the critical patient-related factors influencing implant outcomes.

Background: Dental implants have undergone significant advancements since the clinical success reports in the 1970s and 1980s. The initial focus on long-term implant survival has expanded to include considerations of aesthetics, functionality, and patient satisfaction. These developments have been driven by the advent of improved implant surfaces, innovative surgical techniques, and a more comprehensive understanding of success criteria.

Significance: Modern dentistry requires more than providing functional solutions for missing teeth. Patients now demand long-lasting aesthetic and functional outcomes that align with enhanced quality of life and their overall health. Thus, dental professionals must navigate a range of systemic, anatomical, and physiological factors when planning implant therapy.

Conclusion: Delivering successful dental implant treatment necessitates a thorough understanding of patient-specific variables, including health conditions, longevity, and expectations. By addressing these factors, clinicians can optimize outcomes, ensuring patient satisfaction and treatment longevity.

Exploratory study on analgesic pharmacovigilance actions of clinical teachers in stomatology

Julia Flores Tochihuitl — 2024-11-25

Introduction: Drugs in the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions, hence the importance for the stomatologist to know how to prescribe and use each drug rationally.

Currently, there is no information on the pharmacovigilance actions of analgesics that are the responsibility of the stomatologist, so the objective of this research was to explore the pharmacovigilance actions carried out by clinical teachers in stomatology.

Materials and methods: For the purposes of this study, a 23-question questionnaire derived from the Mexican Official Standard NOM-220-SSA1-2016 on pharmacovigilance actions of analgesics was constructed. Google forms were used in a self-administered manner.

Results: 67.56% of the participants (n=37) were female. Regarding years of experience they have a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 42 (M=13.36, SD=8.2). Most of the teachers (64.86%) monitor the analgesics they prescribe; however, 86.66% of the participants have never detected an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) and 70% do not monitor the possible pharmacological interactions of the prescribed analgesics.

Conclusion: There is a need for updating and educational initiatives in pharmacovigilance in stomatology, monitoring analgesic prescription patterns, developing prescription guidelines to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment for their oral pain and structuring a protocol in accordance with current standards for reporting ADRs and recording drug interactions.

Academic stress in dental students: suggestions for care in university institutions

Kelly Johana Obispo-Salazar — 2024-11-06

Stress is a challenging situation that is generated by the arrival of an unexpected or novel situation that is difficult to solve. Dental students are subjected to high stress loads. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the most recent literature on this topic and to make suggestions on how to approach it according to this and the authors' experience.