Revista Estomatologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to the dissemination of new knowledge and information developed from scientific researches on all areas of oral and systemic medicine of the human being. It addresses itself primarily to researchers in the field of health sciences, university professors, undergraduate and postgraduate students, dental clinicians and specialized practitioners in the field of health sciences.
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Oral melanotic macule in a leukoderma patient: a comprehensive case report
Introduction: Oral melanotic macules are benign pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa, characterized by increased melanin production and melanocyte activity. Unlike extraoral freckles, they are not associated with ultraviolet exposure, and their etiology remains unclear, though trauma may play a role. These lesions can occur at any age, predominantly in women (2:1), and commonly affect the lower lip, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate. Their similarity to malignant conditions like oral melanoma requires careful differential diagnosis. Case report: This case report describes a 32-year-old leukoderma woman who presented with asymptomatic, well-demarcated brown macules near the palatal torus, resembling freckles. Surgical excision of the macules and removal of the torus to address potential chronic trauma were performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed melanin deposits in preserved epithelial tissue, ruling out nevus and melanoma. Postoperative care included a custom silicone splint for pain relief, analgesics, and a soft diet. The patient showed progressive healing over two years with no recurrence of the lesion. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of clinical expertise and histopathological evaluation in managing oral pigmented lesions. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent complications and ensure patient safety. Additionally, the report highlights trauma as a possible factor in palatal lesion development and supports the use of adjunctive therapies to enhance postoperative recovery. This contributes to the understanding and management of oral melanotic macules in clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Estomatología http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Use of auriculotherapy to control anxiety in dental clinical practice
Context: Alternative practices, such as auriculotherapy, can help control anxiety, positively influencing the patient's emotional state. In the dental office, anxiety is common and is related to fear, pain, and invasive procedures. The use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods by the dentist improves treatment adherence and reduces the risk of clinical complications. Objective: To evaluate the effect of auriculotherapy on anxiety control during dental care. Materials and methods: The research was conducted at the Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Centro Universitário Católico do Leste de Minas Gerais and was divided into two phases: in the first phase, an initial assessment was performed and the auricular points established for anxiety control according to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine were inserted. The second phase took place one week after treatment and consisted of a reassessment of the individual's report on the impact of therapy on their anxiety. Sociodemographic information was collected, and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was used to measure participants' anxiety levels. The dental anxiety score was measured using principal component analysis (PCA) focusing on a single component and Varimax rotation. For the effects of sociodemographic and health variables on dental anxiety scores, GMM (Generalized Mixed Models) with linear distribution and identity link function was adopted. Results: Initially, 184 people participated in the study, but 16 did not respond to the second part of the questionnaire. Therefore, 168 people completed the methodological procedure. Data analysis suggests statistical significance in the test application period (before and after) and lower reported anxiety. Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that auriculotherapy can control anxiety related to dental treatment.
Combined therapy in the treatment of hyperdivergence in growing patients: Case series
Background: Dento-skeletal disorders are a group of conditions that directly affect the maxillomandibular complex and the relationship between the dental arches. Among these alterations, long face syndrome or facial hyperdivergence syndrome is a dentofacial disorder of great clinical interest. Its etiology is multifactorial and involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors during the growth period. Objective: To review a series of clinical cases on the effectiveness of the Simoes Network 3 (SN3) functional appliance, combined with lingual educators, in the management of anterior open bite in pediatric patients with a hyperdivergent growth pattern. Two clinical cases treated with this appliance are also presented. Conclusion: Anterior open bite (AOB) is a malocclusion associated with hyperdivergence syndrome related to a hyperdivergent growth pattern and deleterious oral habits. Functional orthodontics (FO) offers effective therapeutic options during the growth stage, aimed at modifying altered muscle functions and skeletal patterns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Estomatología http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploratory study on analgesic pharmacovigilance actions of clinical teachers in stomatology
Introduction: Drugs in the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions, hence the importance for the stomatologist to know how to prescribe and use each drug rationally. Currently, there is no information on the pharmacovigilance actions of analgesics that are the responsibility of the stomatologist, so the objective of this research was to explore the pharmacovigilance actions carried out by clinical teachers in stomatology. Materials and methods: For the purposes of this study, a 23-question questionnaire derived from the Mexican Official Standard NOM-220-SSA1-2016 on pharmacovigilance actions of analgesics was constructed. Google forms were used in a self-administered manner. Results: 67.56% of the participants (n=37) were female. Regarding years of experience they have a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 42 (M=13.36, SD=8.2). Most of the teachers (64.86%) monitor the analgesics they prescribe; however, 86.66% of the participants have never detected an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) and 70% do not monitor the possible pharmacological interactions of the prescribed analgesics. Conclusion: There is a need for updating and educational initiatives in pharmacovigilance in stomatology, monitoring analgesic prescription patterns, developing prescription guidelines to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment for their oral pain and structuring a protocol in accordance with current standards for reporting ADRs and recording drug interactions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Estomatología http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its virulence in cardiovascular diseases
Aim: To describe the pathogenic mechanisms used by P. gingivalis to migrate to the heart and infect the heart valves. Materials and methods: A systematic search of the information is carried out from the PRISMA Declaration to obtain sources of information, the MeSH health descriptors "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Infection mechanisms" and "Valvular heart disease" are |obtained, which were combined through the boolean “AND” connector. Results: Two types of searches were carried out, in which a total of 61 articles were analyzed, where four studies related to the chosen theme were found, including two original scientific research articles and two observational articles; a conventional PCR method was used to detect P. gingivalis in all the articles. Conclusion: Several studies carried out in patients with periodontal disease with or without the presence of concomitant valvular disease have managed to isolate the periodontopathogen in heart valves, although its proportion is minimal compared to other pathogens, however, the pathogenic mechanism by which P. gingivalis infects heart valves has not been identified, and research is needed to obtain accurate information on the relationship between infection caused by P. gingivalis and valve disease.
Characterization of dental loss in patients treated in a teaching service clinic in the city of Cali – Colombia
Introduction: partial or total tooth loss is a common condition in the global population, which can have an impact on occlusion, nutrition and quality of life. Tooth loss continues to be a reality despite advances in dental treatments. Objective: To characterize the dental loss of patients who attend teaching-service clinics in the City of Cali. Methods and materials: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. 105 patients were included during a period of 6 months who attended the different dental services in the teaching service clinics. Sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of systemic diseases, the cause of tooth loss, the type of edentulism and whether previous edentulism were present were recorded. The case of tooth loss was defined in individuals with 1 or more missing teeth. A descriptive analysis of the frequency distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion for the qualitative and quantitative variables respectively, bivariate analysis with contingency tables and statistical test of association was carried out. All in the statistical software R studio. Results: A dental loss of 273 teeth was recorded in 105 patients, with an average age of 47 years (Std. SD ± 18.0) between 16 and 80 years. It was more frequent in women 18 (57%) than in men (43%), 46% reported some systemic disease. The main cause of tooth loss was dental caries (23.8%) and periodontitis (18.1%). The third molar was the most extracted (30.7%) and the canine (12.4%). The least common was the second premolar (7.3%). According to the life cycle, in adolescence and youth (12.3%) the main cause was the impacted tooth, in adulthood it was caries (14.28%) and in old age it was periodontitis (9.52%). Conclusion: Tooth loss in a teaching clinic service was more frequent in women, it occurred at any age and in any tooth in adult patients and the main causes were caries and periodontitis. Given that there was a high frequency of tooth loss, it is important to identify the associated factors so that more preventive and non-invasive treatments can be done from academia, contributing to the long-term survival of teeth in patients.
Artificial intelligence in Dentistry: Clinical Impact and future perspectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted from being a promise to becoming a tangible reality across dental domains —imaging diagnostics, orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, implantology, prosthodontics, and digital lab workflows— offering AI-augmented workflows that promise precision, predictability, and equity. Yet, the gap between "laboratory accuracy" and real-world clinical effectiveness persists. This editorial synthesizes current advances, limitations, and future directions for responsible adoption.
Bone grafts: Characteristics, properties, indications, contraindications for predictable bone regeneration - Part 1.
Objective: To perform a systematic literature search to summarize the characteristics, indications and contraindications as well as the requirements to obtain a predictable bone regeneration. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out in databases such as GOOGLE SCHOLAR, LILACs, PUBMED between 2002 and 2024. In addition, a manual search was performed according to the authors' criteria. The articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria related to the objective of the present review were selected. Results: The systematic search yielded 350 articles of which 42 were included in the present review. Bone graft concepts, indications and contraindications as well as clinical requirements for predictable guided bone regeneration were extracted. Conclusion: Autografts remain the gold standard in terms of regeneration of neoformed bone tissue. Allografts and xenografts have also shown predictable results overcoming the limitation of autografts in terms of availability and lower morbidity.
Orthodontic and periodontal treatment in generalized stage IV periodontitis: A case report.
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin and complex etiology that triggers a destructive immune-inflammatory response on the dental support structures. Among its most relevant clinical consequences, particularly when associated with posterior tooth loss, are occlusal collapse, decreased vertical dimension, proclination, diastemas, and extrusion, situations that often require orthodontic intervention to restore the functional stability of the masticatory system. Case description: This clinical case presents the diagnosis and orthoperiodontal treatment of a systemically healthy patient with stage IV periodontitis, generalized grade C, skeletal class I, maxillary and mandibular prognathism, hypodivergent pattern, microgenia, dental protrusion and proinclination, and bimaxillary anterior lingual thrust. Clinical findings: The therapeutic approach was aimed at improving gingival health, facial aesthetics, and occlusal function by correcting tooth position, closing spaces, improving arch form, and muscle re-education to correct dysfunctional tongue patterns in order to maintain a stable and functional bite and long-term stability, combining biological, functional, and aesthetic principles in a personalized treatment plan. Treatment: The treatment was carried out in three phases. First, periodontal therapy included risk factor control, oral hygiene education, scaling and root planing, gingivectomy, and speech therapy to control tongue thrusting, achieving periodontal improvement. Then, in the orthodontic phase, the MBT technique was applied with 0.022" slot brackets, using light and continuous forces together with sliding mechanics, complemented by periodontal maintenance at each check-up. Result/Outcome: Facial profile improvement, stable occlusion through correction of anterior crossbite, normalization of tooth inclinations, elimination of occlusal trauma and closure of interdental spaces, anterior guidance, stable posterior occlusion, and adequate force distribution were achieved, significantly improving both masticatory function and facial aesthetics, which had a positive impact on the patient's self-esteem. The ortho-periodontal approach with gentle forces is key to preserving bone support, highlighting the importance of biofilm control, oral hygiene, and tongue re-education for stability and relapse prevention.
Prevalence and Morphological Patterns of Mandibular Asymmetries in a Mexican Population: A CBCT-Based Analysis
Background: Mandibular asymmetries are complex craniofacial conditions that can impact facial esthetics, function, and psychosocial well-being. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for planning individualized orthodontic and surgical treatment. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and morphological classifications of mandibular asymmetries in a Mexican population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 231 patients aged 9–65 years from the orthodontic clinic at Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Mandibular asymmetry was assessed using CBCT scans, categorized by the deviation of the mandibular symphysis (DMS) as mild (0–2 mm), moderate (2.1–5 mm), or severe (>5 mm). Severe asymmetries were further classified according to Obwegeser and Makek’s system. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze differences in condylar and mandibular dimensions. Results: Among 231 participants, 18 cases (7.8%) presented with severe mandibular asymmetry. Asymmetry of the glenoid fossa (AGF) was the most common classification (38.89%), followed by hemimandibular elongation (HE) at 27.78%. Severe deviations predominantly occurred on the right side (61.11%). No statistically significant differences were observed between male and female participants in terms of asymmetry type or severity. Conclusion: CBCT imaging provides detailed visualization for detecting and classifying mandibular asymmetries. AGF and HE were the most frequent morphological types in this Mexican population, with a predominance of right-sided deviation. These findings underscore the need for population-specific diagnostic protocols and highlight the clinical value of 3D imaging in asymmetry evaluation. Keywords: Mandibular asymmetry; cone-beam computed tomography; craniofacial morphology; hemimandibular elongation; glenoid fossa asymmetry.
Treatment alternatives for anterior crossbite in the primary dentition. Report of two cases
Anterior crossbite (ACB) in primary dentition is a malocclusion that is easily recognized by the general population and is a frequent reason for consultation. Once its etiology has been established, it must be treated in a timely manner to avoid alterations in the growth and functioning of the craniofacial complex. This malocclusion may have a dentoalveolar, functional, skeletal component or a combination. This article presents the importance of differential diagnosis in patients with ACB in primary dentition and shows treatment alternatives that are very well accepted by patients and have satisfactory therapeutic results.
Qualitative Evaluation of 3D Resin and Acrylic Occlusal Splints in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pilot Study
Abstract Introduction: This study addresses the increasing application of digital technologies in dentistry, specifically in the fabrication of occlusal splints for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It investigates the effectiveness, fit, and comfort of splints made using conventional and digital methods (3D resin and acrylic), considering the importance of precision in TMD treatment. Methodology: The research was conducted with a sample of ten patients, evaluating the splints in terms of retention, adaptability, tilting, and the need for reprinting. Conventional and digital splints were compared using qualitative measurements and patient satisfaction as indicators. Results: Conventional splints demonstrated solid performance across all evaluated categories. However, a digital splint initially presented fitting problems, requiring reprinting. Despite this, digital splints showed significant advantages in precision and efficiency after necessary modifications, with high patient acceptance. Conclusions: The research highlights the potential of digital techniques in the fabrication of occlusal splints, suggesting superiority in terms of adaptability and patient satisfaction, despite initial fitting challenges. This study underscores the importance of technological innovation in improving dental care for TMD patients, recommending greater adoption of digital methods in clinical practice.
Temporomandibular disorders, Occlusal splints, 3D printing
The Role of Infrared Thermography in the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Narrative Review
Temporomandibular disorders are a group of musculoskeletal conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, in the temporomandibular joint and in associated anatomical regions, its global prevalence is approximately 5-12% of population, thus generating the most common type of non odontogenic orofacial pain, which in turn increases the costs of care in health systems and reduces the quality of life. These pathologies due to physiological processes of pain and abnormal function can generate changes in temperature, which is why an emerging technological tool called Infrared Thermography has been evaluated in its assessment, which allows measuring temperatures at a distance, which could help in a clinical diagnosis. Multiple clinical trials have made use of this technology based on the thermal heterogeneity of different tissues and their blood flow, which are directly proportional to metabolic activity, which is why it is necessary to review the literature, advances and results of these studies. Objective: To provide a general description of the main findings and conclusions of the available clinical evidence on the effectiveness of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. Materials and Methods: The initial search included 62 articles, of which 11 were selected for this review, distributed in North America 38%, in Europe 14% and 48% in South America. An extensive electronic search was conducted in the databases: Pubmed, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Library. Conclusion: Most of the studies evaluated have concluded thermography as a promising technology in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, the literature is highly variable in reliability criteria for the use of this instrument for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, which is is reflected in sensitivity and specificity values with widely marked differential ranges.
Correction of canine class II and anterior crowding with asymmetric extractions: Case Report
Background: Extractions are performed to improve dental alignment, facial esthetics and occlusal function. The teeth to be extracted are chosen according to the diagnosis of the case. Indications for extractions include dental crowding, malocclusions, and skeletal discrepancies. The most common extraction sequence is that of the first premolars. Extraction of the lower incisor may be considered in specific cases, but may affect esthetics and occlusal function. Asymmetric extractions can be effective. Objective: To perform asymmetric extractions based on accurate planning and diagnosis to correct midlines, achieve class I canines, free crowding, improve upper and lower incisor proinclinations and achieve a harmonious patient profile. Case report: 21-year-old male patient, skeletal class II, moderate upper and lower anterior crowding, right molar class II, left molar class I and bilateral canine II relationship. The decision was made to perform asymmetric extraction of the right upper first premolar and right lower central incisor. Results: Crowding was corrected in both arches, the lower incisors were retroinclined, occlusal stability was obtained, functional class II molar on the right side, class I molar on the left and bilateral IC canine relation, overjet of 2 mm and overbite of 40%. Conclusion: The choice of teeth to be extracted is based on a thorough analysis that considers the biomechanics of treatment, accurate diagnosis, as well as individual patient factors. The asymmetric extraction approach has proven to be effective and can result in faster and more stable treatment, provided that proper planning is performed.
Odontogenic infection complicated by sepsis: a case report
Case description: female patient, 43 years of age, who was admitted to the emergency department of the Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cali, on September 9, 2023, with signs suggestive of infection of odontogenic origin. Clinical findings: moderate edema in the lower left facial third and zones I, II, and III of the left hemicollar, extraoral fistula, limitation of opening, swollen mucosa of tooth 35, with bloody-purulent exudate and associated alveolar bone exposure. Treatment: intraoral drainage, accompanied by antibiotic and analgesic therapy, with intravenous clindamycin and dexamethasone, respectively. Result: resolution of the odontogenic infectious process. Clinical relevance: antibiotic therapy with clindamycin or combined amoxicillin/clavulanate is a useful treatment alternative in dentoalveolar infections. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Systemic Factors in Dental Implant Therapy
Objective: Dental implant therapy has emerged as a reliable and widely accepted solution for rehabilitating partially or fully edentulous patients. This review aims to explore the evolution of dental implant success metrics and the critical patient-related factors influencing implant outcomes. Background: Dental implants have undergone significant advancements since the clinical success reports in the 1970s and 1980s. The initial focus on long-term implant survival has expanded to include considerations of aesthetics, functionality, and patient satisfaction. These developments have been driven by the advent of improved implant surfaces, innovative surgical techniques, and a more comprehensive understanding of success criteria. Significance: Modern dentistry requires more than providing functional solutions for missing teeth. Patients now demand long-lasting aesthetic and functional outcomes that align with enhanced quality of life and their overall health. Thus, dental professionals must navigate a range of systemic, anatomical, and physiological factors when planning implant therapy. Conclusion: Delivering successful dental implant treatment necessitates a thorough understanding of patient-specific variables, including health conditions, longevity, and expectations. By addressing these factors, clinicians can optimize outcomes, ensuring patient satisfaction and treatment longevity.
Academic stress in dental students: suggestions for care in university institutions
Stress is a challenging situation that is generated by the arrival of an unexpected or novel situation that is difficult to solve. Dental students are subjected to high stress loads. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the most recent literature on this topic and to make suggestions on how to approach it according to this and the authors' experience.
Hygiene and dental prosthesis preservation techniques in edentulous and partially edentulous patients
Abstract: Introduction The use of a dental prosthesis requires periodic control by the dentist and daily care of patients to maintain an optimal level of oral health and prolong the useful life of the prostheses. Oral hygiene must incorporate care and storage practices for dental prostheses, since the latter are a very common treatment option. According to the fourth National Oral Health Survey (ENSAB IV), 31.62% of the population uses some type of prosthesis, with the removable type being the most used with a frequency of 14.02% and these fulfill various functions in phonation, chewing and aesthetics of patients. Failures in hygiene and storage of prostheses can affect oral tissues, teeth and deteriorate prosthetic materials. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practices of hygiene and storage of oral prostheses in 38 adult patients who attend the dental clinics of a University institution in Cali-2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study where the data were obtained through a survey completed by patients. Results: All patients stated that they cleaned their prostheses daily to ensure the hygiene of their prosthesis and 90% of them considered that the cleaning procedures were easy to perform using 16 combinations of products on the market, half of the respondents never removed their prosthesis for sleeping and in reference to knowledge of exclusive products for cleaning dental prostheses, the survey revealed that the majority are unaware of them.Conclusions: Although all patients with prostheses stated that they cleaned them daily, only 63% were instructed by their dentist on how to do that properly and 24% recognized the optimal products available in the market to do that.
The effect of antiretroviral therapy on the oral and periodontal status of patients with hiv/aids: narrative review
Patients with HIV have a decrease in CD4+ T cells, making them more susceptible to developing infections. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases viral load and improves T-CD4 production. It has been suggested that periodontitis could decrease its prevalence due to the use of antiretrovirals. Objective: To identify, through a literature review, the most recent and relevant evidence of patients with HIV and the effect of ART on oral and periodontal status. Materials and Methods: A search for clinical articles was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct LILACS and Google Scholar, between the years 2011 and 2023. Selection criteria: patients with ART for HIV and evaluation of oral/periodontal status. Clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. Results: Initially, 173 articles were identified, 135 were excluded, finding in the end only two systematic reviews and no clinical trials. One systematic review presented 18 articles with 1632 adult patients with periodontal disease (PD) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the other in children with 12 articles and 1002 patients <18 years of age reviewing periodontal status and oral lesions. Conclusion: HAART reduces the prevalence of oral manifestations in children with HIV; but not so with PD in adult patients with HAART, with the exception of necrotizing gingivitis.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma of moderate differentiation category in relation to left bucco-alveolus region in a geriatric female with the habit of tobacco chewing for the past 30 years – a case report and review of literature
Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa has an aggressive nature. If cancers originating from the buccal mucosa invade adjacent anatomical structures, surgical tumor resection becomes more challenging. The present case describes the surgical management of a 65-year-old woman with persistent ulceration of the mucosal membrane due to tobacco chewing habit for the past 30 years and a mouth-opening limitation of 10 mm. Radiological investigations revealed a buccal mucosa tumor that had invaded the retroantral space upward with involvement of the anterior border of the masseter muscle by the lateral part of the tumor. In this report, we present the surgical approach to access the masticator space behind the maxillary sinus.
The uneasiness of Colombian dental journals in the face of the imminent indexing model.
Since the incorporation of impact factors into Colombia's journal classification model, dental journals have navigated through a sea of uncertainty and unease. The objective of this work is to briefly acknowledge how the new model, proposed in 2022, brings even more challenges for the indexing of these journals. It is concluded that the impact of journals in the field remains largely low, highlighting the urgent need to begin the path towards inclusion in Scopus if they intend to return to the national journal ecosystem, of which many were part until 2015.
Dental torque wrench: Relevance in implant dentistry and influence of use
The field of implant dentistry is constantly developing and improving, with the emergence of new surgical and prosthetic kits, possibilities for new materials to manufacture dental implant screws, among other research. However, a relevant aspect that has been observed clinically but little discussed is the accuracy of the measurements made by dental torque wrenches and their possible complications associated with clinical use. Therefore, this article aims to introduce the reader to the main methods used to record this scale and induce reflection on how these different methods, influenced by the clinical use of the instrument, may affect its performance.
Comparative study of 3 methods of crimping in orthodontic hooks with two different types of applied force (elastomeric chains and tie-backs) – in vitro study.
Introduction: the objective of this study was to compare 3 methods of crimping orthodontic hooks with 2 different types of force using tiebacks or elastomeric chains. Methods: 100 crimped hooks, 100 dotted hooks and 100 hooks with a V stop bending on the archwire, divided into 6 groups were put to detachment test in a universal machine SHIMADZU 5000 applying force by means of tiebacks and elastomeric chains, for the use of the machine an accessory base and arm was designed to keep the test stable and standardized. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prims 8 for Windows. Significance was predetermined at a =0.05. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to test the data for normality. The data were not normally distributed and therefore the Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine differences between groups, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Results: The maximum forces obtained for the detachment of an orthodontic hook was up to 2.87kg which was recorded by the group of dotted hooks and with force applied with elastomeric chain and the one with the lowest force was 0.87kg with hooks only crimped. The tie backs showed a more controlled force in all groups and the groups with a “V stop” bend also showed the most stable tests and none displacement of the hook but more eviction and break of the hooks. Conclusions: In the study it was determined that the crimping method is not sufficient for the stability of the hook so pointing it or performing a V stop bend on the wire increases its stability before the maximum force of detachment and clinically gives advantages in the dental movement although it increases the consultation or laboratory time for its realization.
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Estomatología http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparison of stresses and displacements between steel and titanium mini-implants inserted with different angles: finite element analysis.
Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the stresses and displacements of steel and titanium mini-implants inserted under different angles and applying a retraction force. Materials and Methods: A CAD model of the TD Orthodontics brand mini-implant, with a diameter of 1.3 mm and 8 mm length, was created. Afterwards, the characteristics of the materials to be evaluated (steel or titanium alloy) were assigned. A three-dimensional figure was created with two components that simulate the thickness and characteristics of cortical and trabecular bone (2 mm width of cortical bone and 18 mm depth of trabecular bone). The SolidWorks software was used to mesh the mini-implant and bone models and to perform the finite element analysis on the mini-implants with insertion angles of 30°, 60°, 90° and a simulated orthodontic retraction force of 2 N was applied on each of these finite element models. Results: In terms of the maximum von Mises stress in the different angles evaluated, it seems that there is no significant difference between the stainless steel mini-implants and the titanium mini-implants in the three angles evaluated. In terms of displacement, the titanium mini-implants in general suffered greater displacement in the three angles evaluated compared to the stainless steel mini-implants. Conclusion: Regardless of the angles, the difference in the generated stress and deformation in the stainless steel mini-implants and the titanium mini-implants under a retraction force of 2 N does not seem to be significant. Therefore, the insertion angle of the mini-implants seems to play a primary role in the amount of stress and deformation generated in the attachments used.
Epidemiological study of maxillofacial infections in a reference hospital in the Central West of Brazil.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las infecciones maxilofaciales son condiciones clínicas que pueden ser graves cuando no se tratan adecuadamente y a tiempo, son de ocurrencia relativamente común, caracterizadas por un inicio lento y puede diseminar rápidamente si las condiciones de defensa del paciente se encuentran alteradas. Esta diseminación del proceso infeccioso puede invadir tejidos adyacentes y espacios faciales de la región de cabeza y cuello. Su causa puede ser odontogénica o no odontogénica. Objetivo: describir y evaluar las causas, edad y género como otras características de los pacientes estudiados. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal y retrospectivo de tipo observacional, con abordaje cuantitativo, Fueron analizados 1807 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Cirugía Oral y maxilofacial del Hospital de Urgencias de Goiânia-Dr. Valmiro Cruz. En el período de 1 de enero de 2014 a 31 de diciembre de 2017. Resultados: 47 pacientes presentaron infección en la región maxilofacial correspondiendo a 2,7% de la población estudiada. La principal causa de las infecciones fue odontogénica, con 89,36%, infecciones no dentales correspondieron a 10,6%, siendo 8,5% infección de origen cutáneo y 2,12% con material de osteosíntesis. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con este estudio realizado, hubo infecciones maxilofaciales de origen dental en adultos jóvenes. El tratamiento fue efectivo, drenaje quirúrgico, terapia antibiótica, analgesia e hidratación en la mayoría de los casos tratados. Palabra-clave: epidemiologia descriptiva, infección cérvico facial, celulitis, absceso
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Anticonvulsants and Antidepressants
Orofacial neuropathic pain happens due to somatosensory nervous system injury or disease in the orofacial region. Multiple types of orofacial neuropathic pain have been identified, including nonodontogenic neuropathic orofacial pain, postherpetic neuralgia, atypical odontalgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia. Currently, pharmacological intervention is well known as the foundation for managing neuropathic pain. Drugs from different classifications, including anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are generally used to treat these events. However, these drugs are not yet broadly accepted for these treatments. This review will explore recent clinical findings and fragments of evidence regarding anticonvulsants and antidepressants in the management of trigeminal neuralgia.
Nanopartículas antimicrobianas en endodoncia: Revisión narrativa
Introduction: Antimicrobial nanoparticles such as graphene, silver, chitosan, poly (lactic) co glycolic acid, bioactive glass, mesoporous calcium silicate, copper, have generated promising results in various applications in endodontics in the incorporation of nanoparticles in sealants, irrigants and intraductal medications. Objective: identify the mechanisms of action of the different nanoparticles in the disinfection of root canals. Materials and methods: an exhaustive bibliographic search of original studies was carried out in the databases Medline (Pubmed), Scielo, Lilacs, Medline (Ovid), Web of science, Scopus, Embase, Google academic, choosing in vitro studies published from From 2010 to 2021, the QRayyan tool was used to select the definitive articles, excluding sources of information from animal studies, studies that did not use nanoparticles during the disinfection protocol, literature reviews and/or meta-analysis. Results: A total of 1,567 references were identified and 17 definitive documents were selected for use in this review, each study demonstrated a clear antibacterial effect and a significant antimicrobial reduction in root canal disinfection. Conclusions: the use of nanoparticles in endodontics is a promising option in root canal therapy, all nanoparticles reviewed in this research demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness in root canals, further in-vivo studies are recommended to determine adverse effects, cytotoxicity and efficacy in different types of microorganisms.
Congenital atresia of the submandibular gland duct: report of two clinical cases with spontaneous regression and literature review
Background: Congenital atresia of the submandibular gland duct is a rare condition, originated during the embryogenic process, characterized by swelling in the region of the oral floor. A few cases of congenital atresia of the submandibular gland duct have appeared in the literature and only one reports no surgical intervention to date. Case series: In the present study reports two cases of babies with clinical findings demonstrating swelling well-defined in the region of the oral floor, slightly translucent bluish color, painless to palpation, without finding stones or salivary drainage and apparently with no perforation of the submandibular gland duct. Both patients were kept under observation, later presenting spontaneous regression. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of conducting a thorough clinical examination in addition to showing that the use of complementary exams may not be essential.
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Morphological characterization of Artemia salina in its different developmental cycles and its application in biocompatibility testing
Background: Artemia Salina is a tiny crustacean that can tolerate high salt concentrations and survive in low-oxygen conditions. It is sexually dimorphic, meaning it has both sexual and asexual life cycles. In its adult stage, it measures between 17-18 mm in length and is used in aquaculture and toxicity testing. Objective: To determine the most suitable stage of development of Artemia Salina for biocompatibility testing. Materials and methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted using Artemia salina as a biomodel. Detailed observations were made of the life cycle of Artemia salina, from its cyst stage to adulthood. Results: A culture and feeding protocol was established for its maintenance in the laboratory. Common dental biomaterials were used to evaluate their cytotoxicity in Artemia larvae. Conclusion: Toxicity tests with dental biomaterials showed that both calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide-eugenol were toxic to Artemia larvae, with a mortality rate of 100% within the first 24 hours.
Factors associated with tooth decay in children in the first grade of primary school in public schools in the municipality of Suarez Cauca from the perspective of legal guardians
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a global prevalence greater than 50%. That arises from an imbalance between the tooth structure and the surrounding plaque, induced by endogenous microorganisms, systemic and local factors that influence its development. Lack of oral hygiene and poor diet contribute significantly to its high prevalence. This problem persists as a challenge to global public health. With the aim of understanding and addressing the factors associated with caries in children, an investigation was carried out in Suárez, Cauca, considering their sociodemographic aspects. For this purpose, surveys were implemented for the legal guardians and intraoral examination for the first degree students of these institutions. The research provide insights to help develop effective strategies to reduce the risk of caries and improve oral habits in primary school children